Categories › Addiction & self-control
Category
Addiction & self-control
Reward learning, cue reactivity, temporal choice, habit, withdrawal, environmental contingencies, and heterogeneous vulnerability.
Terms
Incentive salienceThe motivational pull acquired by reward-associated cues, which can become partly separable from conscious enjoyment.
Wanting versus likingThe distinction between motivational pursuit of a reward and hedonic enjoyment of the reward.
Incentive sensitizationA theory in which repeated exposure can sensitize cue-triggered motivational systems in susceptible individuals.
Cue reactivityPhysiological, attentional, emotional, or motivational responses elicited by learned reward-associated cues.
Delay discountingReduction in the subjective value of a reward as the delay to receiving it increases.
Hyperbolic discountingA model of temporal valuation in which discounting is especially steep at short delays, allowing preference reversals over time.
Positive versus negative reinforcementThe distinction between behavior strengthened by gaining a rewarding consequence and behavior strengthened by removing an aversive state.
Opponent-process theoryA framework in which an initial affective response recruits an opposing process that can strengthen with repeated exposure.
Allostatic model of addictionA model in which repeated reward and withdrawal cycles shift reward/stress regulation so continued use increasingly prevents or relieves negative states.
HyperkatifeiaHeightened negative emotional and motivational states associated with withdrawal in some addiction models.
Three-stage addiction cycleA framework dividing addiction processes into binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation.
Impulsivity–compulsivity transitionA conceptual shift from relatively reward-driven action toward increasingly habitual or compulsive continuation.
Model-free versus model-based controlA reinforcement-learning distinction between cached/habitual value updating and more prospective action evaluation.
HabitizationIncreasing control of behavior by learned stimulus–response patterns rather than current explicit goals.
Extinction / reinstatement / renewalLearning phenomena showing that reduced responding after extinction does not necessarily erase the original association and that behavior can return.
Contingency managementA behavioral intervention that systematically changes immediate reinforcement contingencies around abstinence or other target behaviors.
Recovery capitalSocial, material, psychological, relational, and institutional resources that can support sustained recovery.
Choice architecture / environmental frictionWays availability, convenience, defaults, and immediate effort alter behavior without necessarily changing stated preferences.
Research trail
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